Networking |
Networking is the practice of linking a group of two or more computer systems for the purpose of sharing information and data. This discipline of science and engineering establishes a communication between two or more computer systems. This interconnection doesn't necessarily involve a wire or cable. Neither do they have to be placed next to each other. Computer networking is possible with wireless devices such as Bluetooth or over the Internet. Networking is considered as a sub-discipline of telecommunications. Computers on a network are often termed as nodes.
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Brief History
Earlier, human users carried information from the old-versioned computers to the calculators. In September, 1940 George Stibitz was the first to use a teletype machine, which sent instructions to his Complex Number Calculator in New York from his Model K at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire. The same procedure followed when he got the feedback.
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In 1962, Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) Chief J.C.R. Licklider hired and developed a working group called the Intergalactic Network, a precursor to the ARPANet. The attempt was to establish links between computers and output systems like teletypes.
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In 1964, Dartmouth-based researchers developed the Dartmouth Time Sharing System for users who were distributed over large computer systems.
The same year, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) a research team supported by General Electric and Bell Labs, used a computer (DEC's PDP-8) to route telephone connections and manage the same.
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In 1968, Paul Baran proposed a network system between computers using a packet switching network.
In 1969, the beginning of the ARPANet network was initiated by connecting the University of California (Los Angeles), SRI (Stanford), University of California (Santa Barbara) and the University of Utah using 50 kilobit/second circuits.
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Computer networking can be classified as follows:
By Functional Relationship they are
. Client/Server
· Active Networking
. Peer-to-peer
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By scale, the classification is:
. Local Area Network (LAN)
· Wide Area Network (WAN)
. Campus Area Network (CAN)
. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
. Home Area Network (HAN)
. Personal Area Network (PAN)
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By network topology, the pattern is as follows:
. Bus
. Mesh
. Star
. Ring
. Star-bus
. SOHO
. Storage Area
. Process Control
. Value-added
. Wireless Community
. Server Farms
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Allwonderscomputers provides you everything you wanted to know about Networking.
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